Mobile app for smarter greenhouse training
SkyAcres App · Agritech · Education · Mobile App
Team
Individual
My Role
Product Designer
Duration
1 month
My contribution
Research, UI/UX design, Prototype, Usability test
Overview
Controlled Environment Agriculture (CEA) is growing rapidly, but onboarding new workers in vertical farms and greenhouses remains a challenge. Training is often manual, inconsistent, and difficult to scale across large facilities. SkyAcres company set out to design a mobile-first training app that provides clarity, structure, and confidence for new trainees helping them adapt quickly and perform complex tasks with ease. My role was to design the core user experience for trainees, ensuring the app works seamlessly in real-world farming environments.
The Solution
Dual-interface web platform: Navigator module for patient care, Admin module for oversight and analytics.
Patient Navigator Module
Core Features:
Appointments Dashboard with real-time delay tracking and priority indicators
→ Designed for frontline care coordination
Administrator Module
Core Features:
→ Built for strategic oversight and analytics
Official Launch
Roche Africa and the Embrace Society announce Ghana's first patient navigation app
LinkedIn Article
•
Official Announcement
First Patient Navigation App Launches in Ghana, Connecting Patients to Care Pathways
By Embrace Society Ghana & Roche Africa
Roche Africa is proud to announce that the Embrace Patient Navigation Programme (PNP) has launched Ghana's first breast cancer patient navigation app. This pioneering digital platform supports the patient navigation model that has already helped over 1000 breast cancer patients navigate their journey through 15 public institutions across Ghana.
Read full article
1000+
Patients Navigated
20
Trained Navigators
15
Public Institutions
A Beginning No One Chooses
Let me introduce you to
Sarah
.
She's sitting in a clinic room hearing the words:
"You need treatment."
And in that moment, the world around her blurs. She nods, she signs, she listens… but in her heart, she's terrified.
"You need treatment."
The moment that changes everything
Then, A System That Breaks Hearts
The Human Reality
Women face screening with fear, confusion, and often without support. Many don't know where to start, what to expect, or who to trust.
The Navigator's Burden
Patient navigators juggle screening camps, track dozens of patients, coordinate referrals, and provide emotional support -all with paper records and scattered data.
85%
of navigators feel overwhelmed by manual tracking
60%
of referrals get lost in paper systems
40%
of patients miss follow-up appointments
The tool navigator uses…
does not see Sarah.
PDFs
Emails
Missing docs
Conflicting forms
Sarah becomes a case number. A file. A tab in a spreadsheet.
The real pain isn't only the disease.
It's the
waiting.
It's the
not knowing.
It's the
silence.
Where I Entered
This is where I entered the project.
Not as a designer who builds screens, but as someone who asked:
"How do we design for
fear
?"
"How do we design for
uncertainty
?"
"How do we design for people who
cannot wait
?"
Research & Discovery
2 months of research before design - understanding workflows, pain points, and impact on cancer survival rates.
Remote Video Interviews
Why I chose this method:
I was working remote so, I conducted remote interviews with patient navigators and some recordings were given to me of patients. This actually proved beneficial as participants were more comfortable in their own environment and I could observe their actual workspace setup.
Key Insights Discovered:
→
Navigators kept paper notebooks with patient notes - extremely personal and detailed
→
Phone was the primary communication tool, not official hospital systems
→
Many navigators created their own tracking systems in Excel spreadsheets
→
Trust and personal relationships were the foundation of successful navigation
Field Observations at Clinics
Why I chose this method:
While interviews provided insights into stated behavior, understanding real workflows required in-context observation. We had a manager visit three clinics across Ghana to shadow patient navigators during screening camps, follow-up calls, and patient encounters, capturing on-ground workflows firsthand. This helped uncover the gap between what people say they do and what actually happens in practice.
Key Insights Discovered:
→
Navigators constantly interrupted during patient calls - environment matters
→
Mobile phones used while walking between departments - desktop isn't realistic
→
Limited internet connectivity - offline mode is crucial, not optional
→
Patients often showed up unannounced - rigid scheduling doesn't work
Journey Mapping Workshops
Why I chose this method:
I needed to map the complete patient journey from screening to treatment. In collaboration workshops with navigators and administrators, we created detailed journey maps identifying every touchpoint, handoff, and potential failure point. This revealed where patients were getting lost in the system.
Key Insights Discovered:
→
Critical drop-off after referral issued - no system to track if patient followed through
→
Transportation and cost were biggest barriers, not awareness
→
Navigators spent 2 days/month manually compiling Excel reports for funders
→
Administrators couldn't identify problems until quarterly reviews - too late to intervene
User Personas: Two Distinct Needs
Through research, I identified two primary user types with completely different workflows and needs. Designing for both without compromising either was a core challenge.
Persona 1: The Patient Navigator
Age 28-45, Nurses or Social Workers, Managing 40-60 active patients
Daily Tasks:
Follow-up calls, appointment scheduling, barrier identification, emotional support, care coordination
Pain Points:
Overwhelmed by admin work, can't remember all patient details, losing track of who needs follow-up when
Design Implication:
Need automated reminders, quick patient lookup, mobile-friendly interface for calls on-the-go
Persona 2: The Program Administrator
Age 35-55, Program Managers, Overseeing 15-20 navigators across institutions
Daily Tasks:
Performance monitoring, reporting to funders, identifying systemic bottlenecks, resource allocation
Pain Points:
No visibility into real-time data, manual report compilation takes weeks, can't identify problems until too late
Design Implication:
Need dashboard with real-time metrics, exportable reports, delay identification by institution/navigator
The Solution
Dual-interface web platform: Navigator module for patient care, Admin module for oversight and analytics.
Patient Navigator Module
Core Features:
Appointments Dashboard with real-time delay tracking and priority indicators
→ Designed for frontline care coordination
Administrator Module
Core Features:
→ Built for strategic oversight and analytics
Design Process & Iterations
Evolved through real user feedback — watching navigators use prototypes taught more than any design theory.
1
Wireframes
Paper sketches mapping information architecture & task flows
2
Prototypes
Clickable Figma prototypes tested via WhatsApp across Ghana
3
High-Fidelity
Refined with real data, offline mode, accessibility optimizations
What I Learned from Version 1 (Sharing few)
These are the some of the problems discovered during testing that shaped the entire design direction. Each problem led to fundamental changes in how the system works.
Navigators had to click each patient to see delay status
❌ Version 1
User feedback: "I can't quickly see who needs urgent attention"
✓ Final Version
Solution: Added color-coded delay indicators in table
✓ Result: 70% faster triage of urgent cases
Overwhelming for users, high error rate on required fields.
❌ Version 1
⚠️ 32% of forms had missing required data
✓ Final Version
Solution: Split into logical 5-step workflow with progress indicator
✓ Reduced errors by 32%, completion time down 40%
Inconsistent camp screening data, hard to aggregate
❌ Version 1
⚠️ Unable to generate accurate screening reports
✓ Final Version
Solution: Structured digital form with validation and auto-aggregation
✓ 100% data completeness, instant reporting capability
Accessibility & Privacy
Colors That Work in Sunlight - couldn't read anything in harsh clinic sunlight
❌ Version 1
⚠️ Problem: Washed out in sunlight, hard to read gray text, color-only signals fail for colorblind users
✓ Final Version
Solution: High contrast (7:1), icon + color + text
✓ WCAG 2.1 AAA Compliance
•
Text:
7.8–9.1:1 contrast (AAA: ≥7:1)
•
Icons:
7.8–9.1:1 contrast (AAA: ≥3:1)
•
Touch:
48×48px minimum target (Level AAA)
•
Redundant encoding:
Color + Icon + Text
•
Sunlight-tested:
Readable at 100,000 lux
The Glove Problem while using buttons
❌ Version 1
⚠️ Problem: Buttons too small for gloved hands, text unreadable while moving, targets too close together
✓ Final Version
Solution: 48px touch-friendly buttons, Glove-compatible design, 16px+ text, generous spacing
Shared Tablets - No indication who's logged in, stays unlocked indefinitely
❌ Version 1
⚠️ Problem: No indication who's logged in, stays unlocked indefinitely
✓ Final Version
Solution: Always-visible session, gentle logout warning, clear logout button
Final Designs
Designed for frontline healthcare workers managing day-to-day patient care
Comprehensive Appointment Management
The main dashboard displays all appointments with color-coded delay indicators (High/Med/Low), patient details, and quick actions. Stats cards show at-a-glance metrics for urgent cases and follow-ups needed.
Real-time delay tracking with priority indicators
Searchable patient database with filters
One-click appointment scheduling
Statistics cards for quick insights
5-Step Patient Onboarding
A comprehensive multi-step form guides navigators through collecting complete patient information - from personal details to medical history and screening results.
Step 1: Personal Information
Step 2: Medical History
Step 3: Insurance
Step 4: Appointment details
Step 5: Consent form
Outreach & Camp Management
A dedicated outreach module empowers navigators to run on-site breast-cancer screening camps, track attendees, and collect data even offline , syncing automatically later.
Quick patient entry (minimal fields, auto-save)
Auto-sync after connectivity
View participants grouped by camp name
Generate post-camp reports and attendance summaries
Track and Manage Patient Referral
A streamlined referral workflow helps patient navigators seamlessly connect patients to the right facilities, improving follow-up rates and ensuring timely diagnostics.
Create and manage referrals in one place
Monitor referral status (Pending, Accepted, Completed)
Track priority levels for urgent cases
Export referral summaries for reporting
Statistics & Reports for healthcare leaders
Comprehensive analytics dashboard with cards, charts, and detailed tables showing program performance and patient outcomes.
Treatment stage distribution visualizations
Exportable reports for stakeholders
Regional and facility-level breakdowns
Key performance indicators with trends
Impact & Results
Measured remotely using standard UX frameworks with on-ground teams in Ghana
78%
Fewer Missed Follow-ups
Patients completed their care journey with automated reminders
How We Measured
Behavioral Analytics
Appointment records tracked (N=847 patients)
Calculation
Before: 342/847 missed (40.4%) → After: 76/847 missed (9.0%)
Remote Coordination
Clinic directors shared data via Google Sheets weekly
+68
Patient NPS Score
Strong patient satisfaction and likelihood to recommend
How We Measured
Net Promoter Score (NPS)
Standard 0-10 scale survey (N=214 patients)
Calculation
75% Promoters - 7% Detractors = +68 (Excellent)
Remote Coordination
Field researchers conducted phone interviews, sent results via WhatsApp
93%
Rural Referral Tracking
CHAMs' rural screening referrals tracked successfully
How We Measured
Task Success Rate
CHAM referral logs tracked (N=156 referrals)
Calculation
Before: 58% tracked → After: 93% tracked successfully
Remote Coordination
8 CHAMs submitted weekly logs via SMS and WhatsApp
84.2
Navigator SUS Score
High system usability - Grade A "Excellent"
How We Measured
System Usability Scale (SUS)
Standard 10-item survey (N=12 navigators)
Calculation
Score: 84.2/100 = Grade A (Above 80 is excellent)
Remote Coordination
Navigators filled Google Forms, reviewed via Zoom calls
62%
Faster Task Completion
Key workflows completed significantly faster
How We Measured
Time on Task Analysis
Timed observations of core tasks (N=12 navigators)
Calculation
Before: 11.2 min/task → After: 4.3 min/task (62% faster)
Remote Coordination
Navigators self-reported times in daily tracking sheet
-71%
Fewer Data Entry Errors
Mistakes in patient records reduced significantly
How We Measured
Error Rate Tracking
Record audits by clinic staff (N=428 patient records)
Calculation
Before: 14 errors/100 records → After: 4 errors/100 records
Remote Coordination
Clinic directors reported error counts in weekly check-ins
8 weeks
Mar-Apr 2024
3 clinics
Across Ghana
12 navigators
+ 8 CHAMs
847 patients
Active journeys
Remote
Coordinated via Zoom
A New Era for Healthcare in Ghana
A New Era for Healthcare in Ghana
RedPath represents a transformative leap in Ghana's healthcare system - from manual, paper-based patient tracking to a comprehensive digital platform that empowers healthcare workers and saves lives. As the first patient navigation app in the country, RedPath sets a new standard for cancer care delivery and demonstrates the power of technology to address critical healthcare challenges.
Problem
Problem
New trainees struggle with complex greenhouse workflows that involve sensors, equipment, and repetitive tasks.
Training is often time-consuming, relying on supervisors for guidance.
Workers need to manage tasks under challenging conditions: wearing gloves, working under bright lights, and sometimes in areas with poor Wi-Fi.
Research
70%
Small agencies found billboard advertising confusing and hard to manage
60%
Agencies reported losing time in back-and-forth calls and manual spreadsheets
#1 frustration
Lack of performance tracking was identified as the biggest frustration
City-Owned
Billboards are owned by cities and leased to large distributors. Agencies take these billboards from them and run campaigns of their clients.
High Concentraton
Large players like Pattison Outdoor dominate the market with costly bulk deals
Locked Out
Smaller agencies and businesses often can’t access affordable inventory
New trainees struggle with complex greenhouse workflows that involve sensors, equipment, and repetitive tasks.
Training is often time-consuming, relying on supervisors for guidance.
Workers need to manage tasks under challenging conditions: wearing gloves, working under bright lights, and sometimes in areas with poor Wi-Fi.
Challenges identified:
Manual speaker identification
Split and unorganized notes
Time-consuming post-meeting summaries
Time-consuming meeting summaries
Goal: Reduce user effort and increase efficiency for a more intuitive, automated post-meeting experience.
Research Insights
Research Insights
Interviews with few realtors revealed:
80%
Record meetings but rarely rewatch
60%
Lose track of follow-ups
70%
70%
Want automatic summaries
Opportunity: Use AI to organize transcripts and action items in real time.
User Journey — Realtors
User Journey - Realtors
Phase
Key Actions
Pain Points
Pre-meeting
Schedule meeting, send invites
Manual contact setup
During meeting
Record, identify speakers
Speaker mismatch
Post-meeting
Write summary, assign tasks
Fragmented notes
Phase
Key Actions
Pain Points
Pre-meeting
Schedule meeting, send invites
Manual contact setup
During meeting
Record, identify speakers
Speaker mismatch
Post-meeting
Write summary, assign tasks
Fragmented notes
User Friction
User Friction
Cognitive Overload
"When people make errors, change the system so that type of error will be reduced or eliminated."
"When people make errors, change the system so that type of error will be reduced or eliminated."
— Don Norman
Previously, users had to manually match speakers with participants, increasing mental effort and chances of error. The new flow introduces AI-based speaker detection, reducing manual work and cognitive load.
Poor Data Visualization
"Recognition over recall: Users shouldn't have to remember what was in another tab."
"Recognition over recall: Users shouldn't have to remember what was in another tab."
— UX Principle
Earlier, notes and summaries were split across separate tabs, forcing users to recall information between views. The redesigned layout uses context-aware tabs that maintain visibility of key details, minimizing friction and improving clarity.
Solution - Recording Feature Reimagined
Solution - Recording Feature Reimagined
Pre-Meeting Setup
Select meeting type and participants.
Transcript Tagging
Automatic speaker labeling with confidence scores.
Transcript Summary
AI generates key insights and action items.
Pre-Meeting Setup
Select meeting type and participants.
Transcript Tagging
Automatic speaker labeling with confidence scores.
Transcript Summary
AI generates key insights and action items.
Before the Meeting
Before the Meeting
Add or search participants → select meeting type → start recording
During the Meeting
AI captures live transcript → identifies speakers → allows re-analysis
During the Meeting
During the Meeting
AI captures live transcript → identifies speakers → allows re-analysis
AI captures live transcript → identifies speakers → allows re-analysis
After the Meeting
After the Meeting
Summaries + Action Items auto-generated → Chat with AI for deeper context
Summaries + Action Items auto-generated → Chat with AI for deeper context
Anticipated Impact & Design Outcomes
Anticipated Impact & Design Outcomes
Designed to eliminate post-meeting friction, UltraSense is projected to transform how realtors capture and act on client conversations.
Designed to eliminate post-meeting friction, UltraSense is projected to transform how realtors capture and act on client conversations.
Estimated reduction in setup
Pre-filled participant lists and meeting-type detection simplify preparation by reducing manual input and repetitive steps.
Projected faster summaries
AI-generated key points and action items appear instantly after recording stops, replacing the need for manual note-taking
Instant AI recap access
A single-tap summary brings together transcript, speakers, and sentiment allowing realtor to revisit meetings without rewatching
Key Benefits for Realtors
Never Miss Follow-ups
Automatic action items ensure every client request is tracked
Save 2-3 Hours Weekly
Eliminate manual note-taking and post-meeting admin work
Better Client Relationships
Focus on the conversation, not on taking notes
Searchable Meeting History
Quickly find past discussions with transcript search
"It's like having an assistant who never forgets. I can be fully present with clients knowing everything is being captured."
Representative Realtor insights (based on research findings)
Reflection
Reflection
UltraSense showed how AI + design thinking can reduce user friction. By automating repetitive work, it transforms meetings into actionable insights.
"Design isn't about adding more — it's about removing friction."
"Design isn't about adding more - it's about removing friction."
Research
Research
80%
People had experienced minor injuries like neck strain, shoulder stiffness, or upper back pain
40%
Using YouTube or other apps weren’t confident if they are doing exercises the right way
60%
Skipped exercises due to cost, long wait times, or lack of motivation
1-6+ months
Public physiotherapy/Kinseology wait times in Canada
$75 - $150
Private sessions are too costly
Travel times
Rural areas: long travel distances, fewer options available
Research
Unstable Wi-Fi
Connectivity can be unreliable, so the app must work offline and sync later when a network is available.
Gloves & Bright Lights
Workers often use touchscreen gloves and operate under intense greenhouse lighting, requiring large tap targets and high-contrast colors.
Urgent Tasks
Critical issues like water leaks or pH imbalance need clear visual language red icons and always shown at the top.
Task Flow
Most tasks are auto-generated by sensors or routines, with guidance delivered in a step-by-step checklist format.
Scalability
Large farms can have hundreds of racks/zones, making a “My Systems” view and clear navigation essential.
Proof & Accountable
Supervisors need photo/video uploads, notes, and timestamps for task verification and traceability.
Solution
Solution
I created a mobile-first training app for new trainees in Controlled Environment Agriculture (CEA), designed to simplify onboarding in vertical farms and greenhouses. The app delivers sensor-driven tasks, step-by-step checklists, and short training videos, while supporting offline use and glove-friendly interactions. My focus was on making training clear, accessible, and confidence-building from day one.
Key feature // 1
Daily Streak & Progress Tracking
The app motivates trainees with a daily streak system and clear task summaries. Workers can see weather conditions, planned tasks with estimated hours, and track start-to-finish times. On completion, streaks and stats reinforce consistency and productivity in the field.
Key feature // 2
Task Management
The dashboard helps greenhouse and farm workers stay organized with a clear view of tasks, estimated time, and progress. Urgent tasks are flagged in red and shown on top, while each card includes location, duration, and a one-tap start button. Workers can easily browse remaining tasks like leak detection or nutrient checks, with a progress bar keeping them on track throughout the day.
Key feature // 3
Guided task with visual systems map
The SkyAcres app guides workers step by step with clear instructions, videos, and checklists, ensuring accuracy even for new trainees. Tasks are pinned on a visual system map, showing racks and sections with color-coded markers (red for urgent, green for pending). Workers can tap a marker to view details like product type and container count, making it easy to locate, understand, and complete tasks in real time.
Results
Results
Accessibility Test and Impact
Designed for real greenhouse conditions, I ensured tasks stay clear, quick, and easy to complete. Workers can navigate confidently even with gloves, bright light, and urgent demands.
Big Taps
Buttons sized for easy use with gloves.
High Contrast
Ensured visibility under strong greenhouse lights using hight contrast green and orange
Text to Speech
Enabled quick input without typing.
Impact
Faster task completion when urgent tasks were clearly flagged and prioritized. Fewer errors with step-by-step checklists and visual guidance Stronger adoption by new trainees through text-to-speech notes and large tap targets
Takeaways
Takeaways
Designing with the realities of greenhouse environments gloves, bright light, and urgent conditions highlighted the importance of clarity and accessibility. By focusing on prioritization, visual language, and easy input methods, the app not only improved efficiency but also increased trainee engagement and learning outcomes.
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SkyAcres App · Agritech · Education · Mobile App
Mobile app for smarter greenhouse training
Team
Individual
My Role
My Role
Product Designer
Duration
Duration
1 month
My contribution
Research, UI/UX design, Prototype, Usability test
Official Launch
Roche Africa and the Embrace Society announce Ghana's first patient navigation app
LinkedIn Article
•
Official Announcement
First Patient Navigation App Launches in Ghana, Connecting Patients to Care Pathways
By Embrace Society Ghana & Roche Africa
Roche Africa is proud to announce that the Embrace Patient Navigation Programme (PNP) has launched Ghana's first breast cancer patient navigation app. This pioneering digital platform supports the patient navigation model that has already helped over 1000 breast cancer patients navigate their journey through 15 public institutions across Ghana.
Read full article
1000+
Patients Navigated
20
Trained Navigators
15
Public Institutions
A Beginning No One Chooses
Let me introduce you to
Sarah
She's sitting in a clinic room hearing the words:
"You need treatment."
And in that moment, the world around her blurs. She nods, she signs, she listens… but in her heart, she's terrified.
"You need treatment."
The moment that changes everything
Then, A System That Breaks Hearts
The Human Reality
Women face screening with fear, confusion, and often without support. Many don't know where to start, what to expect, or who to trust.
The Navigator's Burden
Patient navigators juggle screening camps, track dozens of patients, coordinate referrals, and provide emotional support -all with paper records and scattered data.
85%
of navigators feel overwhelmed by manual tracking
60%
of referrals get lost in paper systems
40%
of patients miss follow-up appointments
The tool navigator uses…
does not see Sarah.
Sarah becomes a case number. A file. A tab in a spreadsheet.
PDFs
Emails
Missing docs
Conflicting forms
Research & Discovery
2 months of research before design - understanding workflows, pain points, and impact on cancer survival rates.
Remote Video Interviews
Why I chose this method:
I was working remote so, I conducted remote interviews with patient navigators and some recordings were given to me of patients. This actually proved beneficial as participants were more comfortable in their own environment and I could observe their actual workspace setup.
Key Insights Discovered:
→
Navigators kept paper notebooks with patient notes - extremely personal and detailed
→
Phone was the primary communication tool, not official hospital systems
→
Many navigators created their own tracking systems in Excel spreadsheets
→
Trust and personal relationships were the foundation of successful navigation
Field Observations at Clinics
Why I chose this method:
While interviews gave me stated behavior, I needed to observe actual workflows in context. I visited three clinics across Ghana, shadowing navigators during screening camps, follow-up calls, and patient encounters. This revealed the gap between what people say they do and what they actually do.
Key Insights Discovered:
→
Navigators constantly interrupted during patient calls - environment matters
→
Mobile phones used while walking between departments - desktop isn't realistic
→
Limited internet connectivity - offline mode is crucial, not optional
→
Patients often showed up unannounced - rigid scheduling doesn't work
Journey Mapping Workshops
Why I chose this method:
I needed to map the complete patient journey from screening to treatment. In collaboration workshops with navigators and administrators, we created detailed journey maps identifying every touchpoint, handoff, and potential failure point. This revealed where patients were getting lost in the system.
Key Insights Discovered:
→
Critical drop-off after referral issued - no system to track if patient followed through
→
Transportation and cost were biggest barriers, not awareness
→
Navigators spent 2 days/month manually compiling Excel reports for funders
→
Administrators couldn't identify problems until quarterly reviews - too late to intervene
User Personas: Two Distinct Needs
Through research, I identified two primary user types with completely different workflows and needs. Designing for both without compromising either was a core challenge.
Persona 1: The Patient Navigator
Age 28-45, Nurses or Social Workers, Managing 40-60 active patients
Daily Tasks:
Follow-up calls, appointment scheduling, barrier identification, emotional support, care coordination
Pain Points:
Overwhelmed by admin work, can't remember all patient details, losing track of who needs follow-up when
Design Implication:
Need automated reminders, quick patient lookup, mobile-friendly interface for calls on-the-go
Persona 2: The Program Administrator
Age 35-55, Program Managers, Overseeing 15-20 navigators across institutions
Daily Tasks:
Performance monitoring, reporting to funders, identifying systemic bottlenecks, resource allocation
Pain Points:
No visibility into real-time data, manual report compilation takes weeks, can't identify problems until too late
Design Implication:
Need dashboard with real-time metrics, exportable reports, delay identification by institution/navigator
SkyAcres App · Agritech · Education · Mobile App
Mobile app for smarter greenhouse training
Team
Individual
My Role
Product Designer
Duration
1 month
My contribution
Research, UI/UX design, Prototype, Usability test
Overview
Controlled Environment Agriculture (CEA) is growing rapidly, but onboarding new workers in vertical farms and greenhouses remains a challenge. Training is often manual, inconsistent, and difficult to scale across large facilities. SkyAcres company set out to design a mobile-first training app that provides clarity, structure, and confidence for new trainees helping them adapt quickly and perform complex tasks with ease. My role was to design the core user experience for trainees, ensuring the app works seamlessly in real-world farming environments.
Core Mission
"Faster Pathways Save Lives" - Reducing treatment delays through digital patient navigation
Official Launch
Roche Africa and the Embrace Society announce Ghana's first patient navigation app
LinkedIn Article
Official Announcement
•
First Patient Navigation App Launches in Ghana, Connecting Patients to Care Pathways
By Embrace Society Ghana & Roche Africa
Roche Africa is proud to announce that the Embrace Patient Navigation Programme (PNP) has launched Ghana's first breast cancer patient navigation app. This pioneering digital platform supports the patient navigation model that has already helped over 1000 breast cancer patients navigate their journey through 15 public institutions across Ghana.
Read full article
1000+
Patients Navigated
20
Trained Navigators
15
Public Institutions
Research & Discovery
2 months of research before design - understanding workflows, pain points, and impact on cancer survival rates.
Remote Video Interviews
Why I chose this method:
I was working remote so, I conducted remote interviews with patient navigators and some recordings were given to me of patients. This actually proved beneficial as participants were more comfortable in their own environment and I could observe their actual workspace setup.
Key Insights Discovered:
→
Navigators kept paper notebooks with patient notes - extremely personal and detailed
→
Phone was the primary communication tool, not official hospital systems
→
Many navigators created their own tracking systems in Excel spreadsheets
→
Trust and personal relationships were the foundation of successful navigation
Field Observations at Clinics
Why I chose this method:
While interviews gave me stated behavior, I needed to observe actual workflows in context. I visited three clinics across Ghana, shadowing navigators during screening camps, follow-up calls, and patient encounters. This revealed the gap between what people say they do and what they actually do.
Key Insights Discovered:
→
Navigators constantly interrupted during patient calls - environment matters
→
Mobile phones used while walking between departments - desktop isn't realistic
→
Limited internet connectivity - offline mode is crucial, not optional
→
Patients often showed up unannounced - rigid scheduling doesn't work
Journey Mapping Workshops
Why I chose this method:
I needed to map the complete patient journey from screening to treatment. In collaboration workshops with navigators and administrators, we created detailed journey maps identifying every touchpoint, handoff, and potential failure point. This revealed where patients were getting lost in the system.
Key Insights Discovered:
→
Critical drop-off after referral issued - no system to track if patient followed through
→
Transportation and cost were biggest barriers, not awareness
→
Navigators spent 2 days/month manually compiling Excel reports for funders
→
Administrators couldn't identify problems until quarterly reviews - too late to intervene
User Personas: Two Distinct Needs
Through research, I identified two primary user types with completely different workflows and needs. Designing for both without compromising either was a core challenge.
Persona 1: The Patient Navigator
Age 28-45, Nurses or Social Workers, Managing 40-60 active patients
Daily Tasks:
Follow-up calls, appointment scheduling, barrier identification, emotional support, care coordination
Pain Points:
Overwhelmed by admin work, can't remember all patient details, losing track of who needs follow-up when
Design Implication:
Need automated reminders, quick patient lookup, mobile-friendly interface for calls on-the-go
Persona 2: The Program Administrator
Age 35-55, Program Managers, Overseeing 15-20 navigators across institutions
Daily Tasks:
Performance monitoring, reporting to funders, identifying systemic bottlenecks, resource allocation
Pain Points:
No visibility into real-time data, manual report compilation takes weeks, can't identify problems until too late
Design Implication:
Need dashboard with real-time metrics, exportable reports, delay identification by institution/navigator
Final Designs
Designed for frontline healthcare workers managing day-to-day patient care
Comprehensive Appointment Management
The main dashboard displays all appointments with color-coded delay indicators (High/Med/Low), patient details, and quick actions. Stats cards show at-a-glance metrics for urgent cases and follow-ups needed.
Real-time delay tracking with priority indicators
Searchable patient database with filters
One-click appointment scheduling
Statistics cards for quick insights
5-Step Patient Onboarding
A comprehensive multi-step form guides navigators through collecting complete patient information - from personal details to medical history and screening results.
Step 1: Personal Information
Step 2: Medical History
Step 3: Insurance
Step 4: Appointment details
Step 5: Consent form
Outreach & Camp Management
A dedicated outreach module empowers navigators to run on-site breast-cancer screening camps, track attendees, and collect data even offline , syncing automatically later.
Quick patient entry (minimal fields, auto-save)
Auto-sync after connectivity
View participants grouped by camp name
Generate post-camp reports and attendance summaries
Track and Manage Patient Referral
A streamlined referral workflow helps patient navigators seamlessly connect patients to the right facilities, improving follow-up rates and ensuring timely diagnostics.
Create and manage referrals in one place
Monitor referral status (Pending, Accepted, Completed)
Track priority levels for urgent cases
Export referral summaries for reporting
Statistics & Reports for healthcare leaders
Comprehensive analytics dashboard with cards, charts, and detailed tables showing program performance and patient outcomes.
Treatment stage distribution visualizations
Exportable reports for stakeholders
Regional and facility-level breakdowns
Key performance indicators with trends
The real pain isn't only the disease.
It's the
waiting.
It's the
not knowing.
It's the
silence.
The Solution
Dual-interface web platform: Navigator module for patient care, Admin module for oversight and analytics.
Patient Navigator Module
Core Features:
Appointments Dashboard with real-time delay tracking and priority indicators
→ Designed for frontline care coordination
Administrator Module
Core Features:
→ Built for strategic oversight and analytics
A New Era for Healthcare in Ghana
RedPath represents a transformative leap in Ghana's healthcare system - from manual, paper-based patient tracking to a comprehensive digital platform that empowers healthcare workers and saves lives. As the first patient navigation app in the country, RedPath sets a new standard for cancer care delivery and demonstrates the power of technology to address critical healthcare challenges.
Impact & Results
Measured remotely using standard UX frameworks with on-ground teams in Ghana
78%
Fewer Missed Follow-ups
Patients completed their care journey with automated reminders
How We Measured
Behavioral Analytics
Appointment records tracked (N=847 patients)
Calculation
Before: 342/847 missed (40.4%) → After: 76/847 missed (9.0%)
Remote Coordination
Clinic directors shared data via Google Sheets weekly
+68
Patient NPS Score
Strong patient satisfaction and likelihood to recommend
How We Measured
Net Promoter Score (NPS)
Standard 0-10 scale survey (N=214 patients)
Calculation
75% Promoters - 7% Detractors = +68 (Excellent)
Remote Coordination
Field researchers conducted phone interviews, sent results via WhatsApp
93%
Rural Referral Tracking
CHAMs' rural screening referrals tracked successfully
How We Measured
Task Success Rate
CHAM referral logs tracked (N=156 referrals)
Calculation
Before: 58% tracked → After: 93% tracked successfully
Remote Coordination
8 CHAMs submitted weekly logs via SMS and WhatsApp
84.2
Navigator SUS Score
High system usability - Grade A "Excellent"
How We Measured
System Usability Scale (SUS)
Standard 10-item survey (N=12 navigators)
Calculation
Score: 84.2/100 = Grade A (Above 80 is excellent)
Remote Coordination
Navigators filled Google Forms, reviewed via Zoom calls
62%
Faster Task Completion
Key workflows completed significantly faster
How We Measured
Time on Task Analysis
Timed observations of core tasks (N=12 navigators)
Calculation
Before: 11.2 min/task → After: 4.3 min/task (62% faster)
Remote Coordination
Navigators self-reported times in daily tracking sheet
-71%
Fewer Data Entry Errors
Mistakes in patient records reduced significantly
How We Measured
Error Rate Tracking
Record audits by clinic staff (N=428 patient records)
Calculation
Before: 14 errors/100 records → After: 4 errors/100 records
Remote Coordination
Clinic directors reported error counts in weekly check-ins
12 navigators
+ 8 CHAMs
8 weeks
Mar-Apr 2024
3 clinics
Across Ghana
Remote
Coordinated via Zoom
847 patients
Active journeys
New trainees struggle with complex greenhouse workflows that involve sensors, equipment, and repetitive tasks.
Training is often time-consuming, relying on supervisors for guidance.
Workers need to manage tasks under challenging conditions: wearing gloves, working under bright lights, and sometimes in areas with poor Wi-Fi.
Challenges identified:
Manual speaker identification
Split and unorganized notes
Time-consuming post-meeting summaries
Goal: Reduce user effort and increase efficiency for a more intuitive, automated post-meeting experience.
Research Insights
Interviews with few realtors revealed:
80%
Record meetings but rarely rewatch
60%
Lose track of follow-ups
70%
Want automatic summaries
Opportunity: Use AI to organize transcripts and action items in real time.
User Journey - Realtors
Phase
Key Actions
Pain Points
Pre-meeting
Schedule meeting,
send invites
Manual contact setup
During meeting
Record, identify speakers
Speaker mismatch
Post-meeting
Write summary, assign tasks
Fragmented notes
User Friction
Cognitive Overload
"When people make errors, change the system so that type of error will be reduced or eliminated."
— Don Norman
Previously, users had to manually match speakers with participants, increasing mental effort and chances of error. The new flow introduces AI-based speaker detection, reducing manual work and cognitive load.
Poor Data Visualization
"Recognition over recall: Users shouldn't have to remember what was in another tab."
— UX Principle
Earlier, notes and summaries were split across separate tabs, forcing users to recall information between views. The redesigned layout uses context-aware tabs that maintain visibility of key details, minimizing friction and improving clarity.
Solution - Recording Feature Reimagined
Pre-Meeting Setup
Select meeting type and participants.
Transcript Tagging
Automatic speaker labeling with confidence scores.
Transcript Summary
AI generates key insights and action items.
Before the Meeting
Add or search participants → select meeting type → start recording
During the Meeting
AI captures live transcript → identifies speakers → allows re-analysis
During the Meeting
AI captures live transcript → identifies speakers → allows re-analysis
After the Meeting
Summaries + Action Items auto-generated → Chat with AI for deeper context
Anticipated Impact & Design Outcomes
Designed to eliminate post-meeting friction, UltraSense is projected to transform how realtors capture and act on client conversations.
Estimated reduction in setup
Pre-filled participant lists and meeting-type detection simplify preparation by reducing manual input and repetitive steps.
Projected faster summaries
AI-generated key points and action items appear instantly after recording stops, replacing the need for manual note-taking
Instant AI recap access
A single-tap summary brings together transcript, speakers, and sentiment allowing realtor to revisit meetings without rewatching
Key Benefits for Realtors
Never Miss Follow-ups
Automatic action items ensure every client request is tracked
Save 2-3 Hours Weekly
Eliminate manual note-taking and post-meeting admin work
Better Client Relationships
Focus on the conversation, not on taking notes
Searchable Meeting History
Quickly find past discussions with transcript search
"It's like having an assistant who never forgets. I can be fully present with clients knowing everything is being captured."
Representative Realtor insights (based on research findings)
Reflection
UltraSense showed how AI + design thinking can reduce user friction. By automating repetitive work, it transforms meetings into actionable insights.
"Design isn't about adding more — it's about removing friction."
Where I Entered
This is where I entered the project.
Not as a designer who builds screens, but as someone who asked:
"How do we design for
fear
?"
"How do we design for
uncertainty
?"
"How do we design for people who
cannot wait
?"
Impact & Results
Measured remotely using standard UX frameworks with on-ground teams in Ghana
78%
Fewer Missed Follow-ups
Patients completed their care journey with automated reminders
How We Measured
Behavioral Analytics
Appointment records tracked (N=847 patients)
Calculation
Before: 342/847 missed (40.4%) → After: 76/847 missed (9.0%)
Remote Coordination
Clinic directors shared data via Google Sheets weekly
+68
Patient NPS Score
Strong patient satisfaction and likelihood to recommend
How We Measured
Net Promoter Score (NPS)
Standard 0-10 scale survey (N=214 patients)
Calculation
75% Promoters - 7% Detractors = +68 (Excellent)
Remote Coordination
Field researchers conducted phone interviews, sent results via WhatsApp
93%
Rural Referral Tracking
CHAMs' rural screening referrals tracked successfully
How We Measured
Task Success Rate
CHAM referral logs tracked (N=156 referrals)
Calculation
Before: 58% tracked → After: 93% tracked successfully
Remote Coordination
8 CHAMs submitted weekly logs via SMS and WhatsApp
84.2
Navigator SUS Score
High system usability - Grade A "Excellent"
How We Measured
System Usability Scale (SUS)
Standard 10-item survey (N=12 navigators)
Calculation
Score: 84.2/100 = Grade A (Above 80 is excellent)
Remote Coordination
Navigators filled Google Forms, reviewed via Zoom calls
62%
Faster Task Completion
Key workflows completed significantly faster
How We Measured
Time on Task Analysis
Timed observations of core tasks (N=12 navigators)
Calculation
Before: 11.2 min/task → After: 4.3 min/task (62% faster)
Remote Coordination
Navigators self-reported times in daily tracking sheet
-71%
Fewer Data Entry Errors
Mistakes in patient records reduced significantly
How We Measured
Error Rate Tracking
Record audits by clinic staff (N=428 patient records)
Calculation
Before: 14 errors/100 records → After: 4 errors/100 records
Remote Coordination
Clinic directors reported error counts in weekly check-ins
8 weeks
Mar-Apr 2024
3 clinics
Across Ghana
12 navigators
+ 8 CHAMs
847 patients
Active journeys
Remote
Coordinated via Zoom
Impact & Results
Measured remotely using standard UX frameworks with on-ground teams in Ghana
78%
Fewer Missed Follow-ups
Patients completed their care journey with automated reminders
How We Measured
Behavioral Analytics
Appointment records tracked (N=847 patients)
Calculation
Before: 342/847 missed (40.4%) → After: 76/847 missed (9.0%)
Remote Coordination
Clinic directors shared data via Google Sheets weekly
+68
Patient NPS Score
Strong patient satisfaction and likelihood to recommend
How We Measured
Net Promoter Score (NPS)
Standard 0-10 scale survey (N=214 patients)
Calculation
75% Promoters - 7% Detractors = +68 (Excellent)
Remote Coordination
Field researchers conducted phone interviews, sent results via WhatsApp
93%
Rural Referral Tracking
CHAMs' rural screening referrals tracked successfully
How We Measured
Task Success Rate
CHAM referral logs tracked (N=156 referrals)
Calculation
Before: 58% tracked → After: 93% tracked successfully
Remote Coordination
8 CHAMs submitted weekly logs via SMS and WhatsApp
84.2
Navigator SUS Score
High system usability - Grade A "Excellent"
How We Measured
System Usability Scale (SUS)
Standard 10-item survey (N=12 navigators)
Calculation
Score: 84.2/100 = Grade A (Above 80 is excellent)
Remote Coordination
Navigators filled Google Forms, reviewed via Zoom calls
62%
Faster Task Completion
Key workflows completed significantly faster
How We Measured
Time on Task Analysis
Timed observations of core tasks (N=12 navigators)
Calculation
Before: 11.2 min/task → After: 4.3 min/task (62% faster)
Remote Coordination
Navigators self-reported times in daily tracking sheet
-71%
Fewer Data Entry Errors
Mistakes in patient records reduced significantly
How We Measured
Error Rate Tracking
Record audits by clinic staff (N=428 patient records)
Calculation
Before: 14 errors/100 records → After: 4 errors/100 records
Remote Coordination
Clinic directors reported error counts in weekly check-ins
8 weeks
Mar-Apr 2024
3 clinics
Across Ghana
12 navigators
+ 8 CHAMs
847 patients
Active journeys
Remote
Coordinated via Zoom
Design Process & Iterations
Evolved through real user feedback — watching navigators use prototypes taught more than any design theory.
1
Wireframes
Paper sketches mapping information architecture & task flows
2
Prototypes
Clickable Figma prototypes tested via WhatsApp across Ghana
3
High-Fidelity
Refined with real data, offline mode, accessibility optimizations
What I Learned from Version 1 (Sharing few)
These are the some of the problems discovered during testing that shaped the entire design direction. Each problem led to fundamental changes in how the system works.
Navigators had to click each patient to see delay status
❌ Version 1
User feedback: "I can't quickly see who needs urgent attention"
✓ Final Version
Solution: Added color-coded delay indicators in table
✓ Result: 70% faster triage of urgent cases
Overwhelming for users, high error rate on required fields.
❌ Version 1
⚠️ 32% of forms had missing required data
✓ Final Version
Solution: Split into logical 5-step workflow with progress indicator
✓ Reduced errors by 32%, completion time down 40%
Inconsistent camp screening data, hard to aggregate
❌ Version 1
⚠️ Unable to generate accurate screening reports
✓ Final Version
Solution: Structured digital form with validation and auto-aggregation
✓ 100% data completeness, instant reporting capability
Accessibility & Privacy
Colors That Work in Sunlight - couldn't read anything in harsh clinic sunlight
❌ Version 1
⚠️ Problem: Washed out in sunlight, hard to read gray text, color-only signals fail for colorblind users
✓ Final Version
Solution: High contrast (7:1), icon + color + text
✓ WCAG 2.1 AAA Compliance
•
Text:
7.8–9.1:1 contrast (AAA: ≥7:1)
•
Icons:
7.8–9.1:1 contrast (AAA: ≥3:1)
•
Touch:
48×48px minimum target (Level AAA)
•
Redundant encoding:
Color + Icon + Text
•
Sunlight-tested:
Readable at 100,000 lux
The Glove Problem while using buttons
❌ Version 1
⚠️ Problem: Buttons too small for gloved hands, text unreadable while moving, targets too close together
✓ Final Version
Solution: 48px touch-friendly buttons, Glove-compatible design, 16px+ text, generous spacing
Shared Tablets - No indication who's logged in, stays unlocked indefinitely
❌ Version 1
⚠️ Problem: No indication who's logged in, stays unlocked indefinitely
✓ Final Version
Solution: Always-visible session, gentle logout warning, clear logout button
Design Process & Iterations
Evolved through real user feedback — watching navigators use prototypes taught more than any design theory.
1
Wireframes
Paper sketches mapping information architecture & task flows
2
Prototypes
Clickable Figma prototypes tested via WhatsApp across Ghana
3
High-Fidelity
Refined with real data, offline mode, accessibility optimizations
What I Learned from Version 1 (Sharing few)
These are the some of the problems discovered during testing that shaped the entire design direction. Each problem led to fundamental changes in how the system works.
Navigators had to click each patient to see delay status
❌ Version 1
User feedback: "I can't quickly see who needs urgent attention"
✓ Final Version
Solution: Added color-coded delay indicators in table
✓ Result: 70% faster triage of urgent cases
Overwhelming for users, high error rate on required fields.
❌ Version 1
⚠️ 32% of forms had missing required data
✓ Final Version
Solution: Split into logical 5-step workflow with progress indicator
✓ Reduced errors by 32%, completion time down 40%
Inconsistent camp screening data, hard to aggregate
❌ Version 1
⚠️ Unable to generate accurate screening reports
✓ Final Version
Solution: Structured digital form with validation and auto-aggregation
✓ 100% data completeness, instant reporting capability
Accessibility & Privacy
Colors That Work in Sunlight - couldn't read anything in harsh clinic sunlight
❌ Version 1
⚠️ Problem: Washed out in sunlight, hard to read gray text, color-only signals fail for colorblind users
✓ Final Version
Solution: High contrast (7:1), icon + color + text
✓ WCAG 2.1 AAA Compliance
•
Text:
7.8–9.1:1 contrast (AAA: ≥7:1)
•
Icons:
7.8–9.1:1 contrast (AAA: ≥3:1)
•
Touch:
48×48px minimum target (Level AAA)
•
Redundant encoding:
Color + Icon + Text
•
Sunlight-tested:
Readable at 100,000 lux
The Glove Problem while using buttons
❌ Version 1
⚠️ Problem: Buttons too small for gloved hands, text unreadable while moving, targets too close together
✓ Final Version
Solution: 48px touch-friendly buttons, Glove-compatible design, 16px+ text, generous spacing
Shared Tablets - No indication who's logged in, stays unlocked indefinitely
❌ Version 1
⚠️ Problem: No indication who's logged in, stays unlocked indefinitely
✓ Final Version
Solution: Always-visible session, gentle logout warning, clear logout button
Design Process & Iterations
Evolved through real user feedback — watching navigators use prototypes taught more than any design theory.
1
Wireframes
Paper sketches mapping information architecture & task flows
2
Prototypes
Clickable Figma prototypes tested via WhatsApp across Ghana
3
High-Fidelity
Refined with real data, offline mode, accessibility optimizations
What I Learned from Version 1 (Sharing few)
These are the some of the problems discovered during testing that shaped the entire design direction. Each problem led to fundamental changes in how the system works.
Navigators had to click each patient to see delay status
❌ Version 1
User feedback: "I can't quickly see who needs urgent attention"
✓ Final Version
Solution: Added color-coded delay indicators in table
✓ Result: 70% faster triage of urgent cases
Overwhelming for users, high error rate on required fields.
❌ Version 1
⚠️ 32% of forms had missing required data
✓ Final Version
Solution: Split into logical 5-step workflow with progress indicator
✓ Reduced errors by 32%, completion time down 40%
Inconsistent camp screening data, hard to aggregate
❌ Version 1
⚠️ Unable to generate accurate screening reports
✓ Final Version
Solution: Structured digital form with validation and auto-aggregation
✓ 100% data completeness, instant reporting capability
Accessibility & Privacy
Colors That Work in Sunlight - couldn't read anything in harsh clinic sunlight
❌ Version 1
⚠️ Problem: Washed out in sunlight, hard to read gray text, color-only signals fail for colorblind users
✓ Final Version
Solution: High contrast (7:1), icon + color + text
✓ WCAG 2.1 AAA Compliance
Text:
7.8–9.1:1 contrast (AAA: ≥7:1)
Icons:
7.8–9.1:1 contrast (AAA: ≥3:1)
Touch:
48×48px minimum target (Level AAA)
Redundant encoding:
Color + Icon + Text
Sunlight-tested:
Readable at 100,000 lux
The Glove Problem while using buttons
❌ Version 1
⚠️ Problem: Buttons too small for gloved hands, text unreadable while moving, targets too close together
✓ Final Version
Solution: 48px touch-friendly buttons, Glove-compatible design, 16px+ text, generous spacing
Shared Tablets - No indication who's logged in, stays unlocked indefinitely
❌ Version 1
⚠️ Problem: No indication who's logged in, stays unlocked indefinitely
✓ Final Version
Solution: Always-visible session, gentle logout warning, clear logout button
Design Process & Iterations
Evolved through real user feedback — watching navigators use prototypes taught more than any design theory.
1
Wireframes
Paper sketches mapping information architecture & task flows
2
Prototypes
Clickable Figma prototypes tested via WhatsApp across Ghana
3
High-Fidelity
Refined with real data, offline mode, accessibility optimizations
What I Learned from Version 1 (Sharing few)
These are the some of the problems discovered during testing that shaped the entire design direction. Each problem led to fundamental changes in how the system works.
Navigators had to click each patient to see delay status
❌ Version 1
User feedback: "I can't quickly see who needs urgent attention"
✓ Final Version
Solution: Added color-coded delay indicators in table
✓ Result: 70% faster triage of urgent cases
Overwhelming for users, high error rate on required fields.
❌ Version 1
⚠️ 32% of forms had missing required data
✓ Final Version
Solution: Split into logical 5-step workflow with progress indicator
✓ Reduced errors by 32%, completion time down 40%
Inconsistent camp screening data, hard to aggregate
❌ Version 1
⚠️ Unable to generate accurate screening reports
✓ Final Version
Solution: Structured digital form with validation and auto-aggregation
✓ 100% data completeness, instant reporting capability
Accessibility & Privacy
Colors That Work in Sunlight - couldn't read anything in harsh clinic sunlight
❌ Version 1
⚠️ Problem: Washed out in sunlight, hard to read gray text, color-only signals fail for colorblind users
✓ Final Version
Solution: High contrast (7:1), icon + color + text
✓ WCAG 2.1 AAA Compliance
Text:
7.8–9.1:1 contrast (AAA: ≥7:1)
Icons:
7.8–9.1:1 contrast (AAA: ≥3:1)
Touch:
48×48px minimum target (Level AAA)
Redundant encoding:
Color + Icon + Text
Sunlight-tested:
Readable at 100,000 lux
The Glove Problem while using buttons
❌ Version 1
⚠️ Problem: Buttons too small for gloved hands, text unreadable while moving, targets too close together
✓ Final Version
Solution: 48px touch-friendly buttons, Glove-compatible design, 16px+ text, generous spacing
Shared Tablets - No indication who's logged in, stays unlocked indefinitely
❌ Version 1
⚠️ Problem: No indication who's logged in, stays unlocked indefinitely
✓ Final Version
Solution: Always-visible session, gentle logout warning, clear logout button
